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Circulating HBV RNA and conventional HBV markers in treatment-naïve persons with HBV in Senegal
Lorin Begré and others
HBV RNA may improve the characterization of HBV disease and prognosis. In our cohort of treatment-naïve persons with HBV from Senegal, HBV RNA levels correlated with HBV DNA but not HBsAg levels in all phases of HBV infection.
Estimating the waning effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines from population-level surveillance data in Hong Kong
Haoling Chen and others
A Bayesian framework was developed to estimate the waning vaccine effectiveness of 2 and 3 doses of CoronaVac and Comirnaty based on population-level surveillance data during Omicron BA.2 epidemic in Hong Kong.
Phosphatidylinositol 5-Phosphate-Loaded Apoptotic Body-Like Liposomes for Mycobacterium abscessus Infection Management in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis
Tommaso Olimpieri and others
ABL/PI5P enhances anti-Mycobacterium abscessus response of macrophages from people with CF, receiving or not ETI therapy. Our results support the possible development of ABL/PI5P treatment as host-directed therapy against M. abscessus infection, especially in people with CF who cannot access ETI treatment.
Detection of RSV using nasopharyngeal swabs alone underestimates RSV-related hospitalization incidence in adults: the Multispecimen study’s Final Analysis
Elizabeth Begier and others
RSV detection using multiple specimens (ie, nasopharyngeal swab (NPS), saliva, sputum, and serology) was 112% higher compared to NPS alone among hospitalized adults with respiratory illness. Test sensitivities by specimen type: serology (73%), Sputum (70%), Saliva (61%), and NPS (47%).
The influence of epidemiological context on the success of partner notification programs: analysis of gonorrhea transmission dynamics
Minttu M Rönn and others
We estimated IRR of 0.97 (95% range 0.93­-0.99) for a 10% relative increase in partner notification coverage. Our findings support prior population-level estimates of the impact of partner notification on gonorrhea incidence

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At the Mercy of the Artificial Intelligence Algorithm: Discrepant Polymerase Chain Reaction Results
Mark Zuckerman and others
As pathogen molecular diagnostics technology develops, the software analysis of polymerase chain reaction sigmoidal curves, cycle threshold (Ct) values, and the limit of nucleic acid detection for that assay is not always available when reporting test results. These are critical components in ...
Measles: What Goes Around, Comes Around
William J Moss and Diane E Griffin
Measles cases are increasing globally and in the United States because of low routine measles vaccine coverage and disruptions to immunization services during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To achieve and sustain measles elimination requires maintaining high coverage with 2 doses of measles vaccine, addressing vaccine hesitancy and misinformation, strong political commitment, and the necessary financial resources.
Instrumental Variables Analysis and Mendelian Randomization for Causal Inference
Erica E M Moodie and Saskia le Cessie
Causal inference is a branch of statistics that attempts to quantify the impact of a treatment or intervention on an outcome, recognizing that, when experimentation is impossible, the treatment allocation may not be independent of other factors that predict the outcome. Rather, there may be common ...
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss: What Does Integration Have to Do With a Functional Hepatitis B Virus Cure?
Ashwin Balagopal and Chloe L Thio
The first demonstration of the importance of iDNA as a source of HBsAg is a tour-de-force study by Wooddell et al [ 11 ] who showed that a small interfering RNA (siRNA) administered to persons with HBeAg-positive CHB led to nearly 100-fold decreases in HBsAg levels. In contrast, persons with ...
Why is Parasite Sex Sexy?
Sebastian Shaw and Boris Striepen
Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of severe diarrheal disease around the world. Recent field research points to parasite sex as the source of hypertransmissibility fueling continental sweeps, while new laboratory studies took advantage of Cryptosporidium sex to build powerful experimental ...
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