A Study of the Phaonia angelicae Group (Diptera: Muscidae), with Descriptions of Six New Species from China

The P. angelicae group from China was studied, and six new species are described: P. hanmiensis, n. sp., P. nanlingensis, n. sp., P. reduncicauda, n. sp., P. spargocerca, n. sp., P. subincana, n. sp., and P. varimargina, n. sp. A key to the identification of males of the 40 Chinese species is given.


Introduction
Robineau-Desvoidy (1830) established Phaonia (Diptera: Muscidae), with P. viarum as the type species. The genus and species from the Palaearctic Region were first divided into 16 groups (Ringdahl 1949), then 18 groups (Henning 1963), and later 21 groups and 3 subgroups (Zinovjev 1981). Following the work of these earlier researchers, Chinese scholars have concentrated on the study of Phaonia. Ma et al. (2002) divided the Phaonia species from China into 38 groups and 18 subgroups. The P. angelicae group was first presented by Ringdahl (1949) and divided into three subgroups by Zinovjev (1981). Now the P. angelicae group only includes the P. angelicae subgroup and the P. hybrida subgroup because Xue (2006) revised the P. consobrina subgroup because it has cerci that are deeply concave in the middle. In this paper, 40 Chinese species of the P. angelicae group are included, including six new species.

Materials and Methods
The type specimens of six new species are all deposited at the Institute of Entomology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China.

P. angelicae group
Diagnosis. --Epistoma situated in front of the anterior margin of frons or at the same vertical line in profile; thorax without presutural acr; basisternum of prosternum bare; mid tibia with p and pv; abdomen black; distal part of cerci with inboard processus and outboard processus.    Holotype male. --Body length 6.0-6.2 mm.
Head. Eye covered with long ciliae; frons subequal in width to anterior ocellus, frontal vitta black, disappearing in the middle; 10 pairs of fr, extending to both sides of anterior ocellus, upper 4-5 short, which are subequal in length to eye ciliae, without ors; frontoorbital plate, parafacial and gena covered with pale gray pruinosity, parafacial subequal in width to the postpedicel; antenna black, postpedicel about 2.5 times as long as broad; arista long plumose, the longest hair about 2.0 times as long as the width of the postpedicel; facial carina projecting, nearly buninoid; vibrissal angle situated in front of frontal angle in profile; gena about 1/5 of eye in height, the anterior margin of gena with a row of upcurved subvibrissal setulae, genal and postgenal hairs black; prementum about 2.5 times as long as broad, covered with gray pruinosity and hairs; palpus black, longer than prementum.
Wing. Light brown, veins dark brown, basicosta black; costal spines absent, dorsal and ventral surface of radial node all bare; distal parts of R 4+5 and M straight, r-m and dm-cu not clouded; calypters and haltere brownyellow.
Legs. All black; fore tibia with 2 median p, without long hairs on the ventral surface; mid femur with a row of short and weak av, a row of pv (3 of them long and strong in the basal half); mid tibia with 2 p, 2 pv, without ad; hind femur with av in the apical half, without pv; hind tibia with 3-4 av, 2 ad, 1 pd in apical quarter, without additional sub-basal pd and apical pv; all tarsi longer than tibiae; claws and pulvilli short and small.
Abdomen. Black in ground color, nearly rounded in dorsal view, covered with gray pruinosity; tergites 4 and 5 slightly shiny, each tergite with median narrow black vitta, without shining patches; sternite 1 bare, the posterior part of every sternite 2-5 with a pair of long setae; cercus with many thin hairs on inner margin, with inconspicuous inboard processus.
--This new species is similar to P. zhougongshana Ma et Feng, 2002, but it differs from the latter in the male: parafacial subequal in width to the postpedicel; anterior margin of gena with a row of upcurved subvibrissal setulae; pra long and strong, about 1.5 times as long as posterior notopleural seta; katepimeron with hairs; legs all black; hind tibia with 2 ad; cersus with many thin hairs on inner margin, without distinct inboard processus.
Etymology. --The species name is based on the place of collection, Hanmi.   subequal in length to eye ciliae, without ors; fronto-orbital plate, parafacial and gena covered with pale gray pruinosity, parafacial subequal in width to the postpedicel; antenna black, postpedicel about 3.0 times as long as broad; arista long plumose, the longest hair about 1.5 times as long as the width of the postpedicel; vibrissal angle slightly situated in front of frontal angle in profile; gena about 1/4 of the eye in height, genal and postgenal hairs black; proboscis short, prementum about 3.0 times as long as broad, covered with gray pruinosity and hairs; palpus black, longer than prementum.
Wing. Light brown, veins dark brown, basicosta black, subcostal sclerite light brown; costal spines short and weak; dorsal and ventral surfaces of radial node all bare; distal parts of R 4+5 and M straight; r-m and dm-cu not clouded; calypters light brown, haltere yellow.
Legs. All black; fore tibia with 1 median p, without long hairs on ventral surface; mid femur with 3-4 pv in basal half, without av row; mid tibia with 2-3 p, 2 pv, without ad; hind femur with av row, without pv; hind tibia with 4 av, a row of ad, 1 pd in apical fifth, without apical pv; all tarsi longer than tibiae; claws and pulvilli long, subequal in length to fourth tarsomere.
Head. Eye covered with long dark brown ciliae; frons subequal in width to the distance between outer margins of posterior ocelli, frontal vitta black, subequal in width to fronto-orbital plate; 11 pairs of fr, extending to both sides of anterior ocellus, upper 5 short, which are subequal in length to eye ciliae, without ors; fronto-orbital plate, parafacial and gena covered with gray pruinosity, para-facial with a silvery white patch in the upper half; antenna black, postpedicel about 2.5 times as long as broad; arista plumose, the longest hair slightly longer than or subequal to the width of the postpedicel; facial carina projecting, relatively narrower; epistoma snoutshaped, distinctly situated front of the anterior margin of frons in profile; gena about 2/5 of eye in height, the anterior margin of gena with 2-3 rows of upcurved subvibrissal setulae, genal and postgenal hairs all black; prementum about 2.5 times as long as broad, covered with gray pruinosity and hairs; palpus black, longer than prementum.
Wing. Light brown, veins dark brown, basicosta black; costal spines short, about 1/2 of r-m in length; dorsal and ventral surface of radial node all bare; distal parts of R 4+5 and M straight; dm-cu clouded; calypters and haltere brownish yellow.
Legs. All black; fore tibia with 2 median p, without long hairs on ventral surface; mid femur with pv row, which was stronger in the basal half, without av row; mid tibia with 3 p, 2 pv, without ad; hind femur with av in the apical half, without pv; hind tibia with 3-4 av, 4 ad, 1 pd in apical quarter, additional 1-2 pd in basal third, without apical pv; all tarsi longer than tibiae; claws and pulvilli short.
Abdomen. Black in ground color, oviform in dorsal view, densely covered with bluish gray pruinosity; each tergite with median black vitta, posterior margin of tergite 3 and 4 with stripes, tergite 5 with a pair of shining lateral patches, other tergites without shining patches; sternite 1 bare; distal part of inner processus of cersus enlarged, and curved backward; ejaculatory apodeme big globose.
Female. --Body length 6.8-7.8 mm. Frons about 1/3 of head in width, frontal vitta about 4.0 times as wide as fronto-orbital plate 5 fr, 2 ors; frontal triangle reaching to the middle of frons; parafacial about 1.5 times as wide as the postpedicel; the longest aristal hair about 1.2 times as long as the width of the postpedicel; fore tibia with 1 median p; mid tibia with 1-2 pv; hind tibia with 2-3 ad; posterior mar-gin of tergite 3 with relatively broader stripe; the other characters as male. Remarks.
--This new species is similar to P. mimoincana Ma et Feng, 1986, but it differs from the latter in the male: frons subequal in width to the distance between outer margins of posterior ocelli; parafacial with a silvery white patch in the upper half; arista plumose, the longest hair slightly longer than or subequal to the width of the postpedicel; gena about 2/5 of eye in height; costal spines short, about 1/2 of r-m in length; dm-cu clouded; mid femur with pv row, which was stronger in the basal half; posterior margin of tergite 3 and 4 with stripes; tergite 5 with a pair of shining lateral patches.
Etymology. --The species name is derived from the Latin words "reduncus" meaning curved backward and "cauda" meaning tail, referring to the inner processus of the cersus being curved backward.
Distribution. --China: Tibet.  Head. Eye densely covered with light brown ciliae; frons narrow, subequal in width to anterior ocellus, fronto-orbital plates adjoining in the middle; 13 pairs of fr, extending to both sides of anterior ocellus, upper 7 short, which were subequal in length to the eye ciliae, without ors; fronto-orbital plate, parafacial and gena covered with dark gray pruinosity, parafacial about 1.75 times as wide as the postpedicel; antenna black, postpedicel about 3.0 times as long as broad; arista long plumose, the longest hair about 1.5 times as long as width of the postpedicel; vibrissa angle distinctly situated in front of the frontal angle in profile; gena about 2/5 of eye in height, the anterior margin of gena with a row of upcurved subvibrissal setulae, genal and postgenal hairs all black; the upper lateral area of occiput with hairs; proboscis short, with a pair of prestomal teeth; prementum about 2.5 times as long as broad, covered with pruinosity; palpus black and slender, slightly longer than prementum.
Wing. Light brown, veins dark brown, basicosta black; costal spines short and weak; dorsal and ventral surface of radial node all bare; distal parts of R 4+5 and M straight; r-m and dm-cu not clouded; calypters light brown, the lower calypter projecting; haltere brown yellow.
Legs. All black; fore tibia with 3 pv in the apical half, without long hairs on the ventral surface; mid femur with strong av row, 1 preapical a, 2 pd, 3-4 blunt-pointed pv in the basal half; mid tibia with 1 p, 2 pv, without ad; hind femur with a row of av, which become long and strong apically, without pv; hind tibia with 4 short and weak av in the middle, complete ad row, 1 long and strong pd in the apical quarter, 1 additional pd basal, without p and apical pv; all tarsi longer than tibiae; claws and pulvilli short.
Abdomen. Black in ground color, oviform in dorsal view, without vittae and shining patches; sternite 1 bare.
Female. --Body length 9.0 mm. Frons about 3/8 of the head in width, fronto-orbital plate about 1/4 of the frontal vitta in width, frontal vitta black; frontal triangle covered with brownish yellow pruinosity, reaching to upper 2/5 of frons; 8 pairs of fr, 2 pairs of ors; fronto-orbital plate and upper parafacial covered with gray pruinosity, lower parafacial and gena covered with brownish yellow pruinosity; parafacial about 2.0 times as wide as the postpedicel; arista long plumose, the longest hair about 1.2 times as long as the width of the postpedicel; gena about 1/2 of the eye in height; prementum sparsely covered with pruinosity; scutum distinct with black brown vittae; both sides of scutellum with few hairs; dm-cu clouded; fore tibia with median p; mid tibia with 2 ad, 3-4 p, 2 pv; hind tibia with 2-3 av; hind part of tergite 1, fore part of tergites 3 and 4 densely covered with gray pruinosity; tergites 3 and 4 with median vittae; the other characters as male. Remarks.
--This new species is similar to P. wanfodinga Feng et Ma, 2002, but it differs from the latter in the male: frons narrow, subequal in width to anterior ocellus; parafacial about 1.75 times as wide as the postpedicel; arista long plumose, the longest hair about 1.5 times as long as the width of the postpedicel; gena about 2/5 of the eye in height, the anterior margin of gena with a row of upcurved subvibrissal setulae; pra slightly longer than or subequal to posterior notopleural seta; anterior spiracle light yellow to white.
Etymology. --The species name is derived from the Greek words "spargosis" meaning enlarged and "cercus" meaning cercus, referring to male cerci being broad in the apical part.
Distribution. --China: Yunnan Province.  Head. Eye sparsely covered with short light brown ciliae; frons about 1.2 times as wide as the distance between outer margins of posterior ocelli; frontal vitta black, the narrowest part about 2.0 times as wide as the fronto-orbital plate; 11 pairs of fr, extending to both sides of anterior ocellus, without ors; fronto-orbital plate, parafacial and gena sparsely covered with gray pruinosity, parafacial about 1.5 times as wide as the postpedicel; antenna black, postpedicel about 2.5 times as long as broad; arista ciliated, the longest hair slightly shorter than the width of half the postpedicel; epistoma at the same vertical line with the anterior margin of frons in profile; gena about 1/2 of the eye in height, the anterior margin of gena with 3 rows of upcurved subvibrissal setulae, genal and postgenal hairs all black; prementum about 2.5 times as long as broad, covered with gray pruinosity; palpus black and slender, slightly longer than the prementum.

P. subconsobrina
Thorax. Black in ground color, sparsely covered with brownish gray pruinosity; scutum  Legs. All black; fore tibia with 1 median p, without long hairs on the ventral surface; mid femur with a row of short av, a row of pv that become short apically; mid tibia with 1 short and weak ad, 2-3 p, 1-2 pv; hind femur with av row, which is long and strong in the apical 2/5, without pv; hind tibia with 2-3 av, 4-5 ad, 1 long and strong pd in the apical third, 1 short and weak pd in the middle, 2 short and weak pd in the sub-basal region; all tarsi longer than tibiae; claws and pulvilli short.
Abdomen. Black in ground color, long oviform in dorsal view, covered with dark gray pruinosity and spindly setae; each tergite with median black vitta, but the median black vittae of tergites 4 and 5 narrower; posterior margins of tergites 3-5 with black stripes; sternite 1 bare; cerci nearly quadrate in posterior view, outboard processus broad, and longer than inboard processus.
Type material. Remarks.
--This new species is similar to P. mimoincana Ma et Feng,1986, but it differs from the latter in the male: eye sparsely covered with short light brown ciliae; arista ciliated, the longest hair slightly shorter than the width of half of the postpedicel; gena about 1/2 of the eye in height; mid tibia with 1 short and weak ad; hind femur without pv; hind tibia with 1 short and weak pd in the middle; cerci nearly quadrate in the posterior view, outboard processus broad, and longer than the inboard processus.
Etymology. --The species name is based on the new species being similar to P. mimoincana Ma et Feng, 1986.
Head. Eye covered with long ciliae, surfaces of upper ommatidia not enlarged; frons about 1.5 times as wide as the anterior ocellus, frontal vitta black, disappearing in the middle; 11 pairs of fr, extending to both sides of the anterior ocellus, upper 5 short and slightly longer than the eye ciliae, without ors; frontoorbital plate, parafacial and gena covered with gray pruinosity, parafacial about 1.5 times as wide as the postpedicel; antenna black, postpedicel about 2.5 times as long as broad; arista long plumose, the longest hair about 1.3 times as long as the width of the postpedicel; facial carina projecting, nearly buninoid; epistoma snout-shaped, distinctly situated in front of the anterior margin of frons in profile; gena about 2/5 of the eye in height, the anterior margin of gena with a row of upcurved subvibrissal setulae, genal and postgenal hairs all black; prementum without pruinosity; palpus black and slender; haustellum relatively shorter, about 1.5 times as long as the palpus.
Wing. Light brown, veins dark brown, basicosta black; costal spines short and weak, shorter than r-m in length; dorsal and ventral surface of radial node all bare; distal parts of R 4+5 and M straight; r-m and dm-cu not clouded; calypters and haltere brown-yellow.
Legs. All black; fore tibia with 2 median p, without long hairs on the ventral surface; mid femur with a row of short and weak av, a row of pv that are long and strong in the basal twothirds; mid tibia with 3-4 p, 1 pv, without ad; hind femur with av, short and weak pv in the apical half; hind tibia with 3 av, 3 ad, 1 pd in apical quarter, without sub-basal pd, apical pv; all tarsi longer than tibiae; claws and pulvilli short.
Abdomen. Black in ground color, nearly rounded in dorsal view, covered with gray pruinosity; each tergite with median black vitta, the posterior margins of tergites 3-5 with broad shifting stripes; sternite 1 bare.
--This new species is similar to P. latimargina Fang et Fan, 1988, but it differs from the latter in the male: surfaces of upper ommatidia not enlarged; parafacial about 1.5 times as wide as the postpedicel; arista long plumose, the longest hair about 1.3 times as long as the width of the postpedicel; haustellum relatively shorter, about 1.5 times as long as the palpus at most; mid femur with a row of pv that are long and strong in the basal twothirds; mid tibia with 3-4 p, 1 pv; hind femur without pv in the basal half; hind tibia with 3 ad; abdomen nearly rounded in dorsal view.
Etymology. --The species name is derived from the Latin words "variatus," meaning shifting and "marginis," meaning margin, referring to the posterior margins of tergites 3-5 having broad shifting stripes.