Keys to the species of Mydaeinae (Diptera: Muscidae) from China, with the description of four new species

Abstract Four new species of Mydaeinae, Mydaea franzosternitan. sp. , Myospila apicaliciliolan. sp. , Myospila maoershanensisn. sp. , and Myospila subflavipennisn. sp. , are described and illustrated here for the first time. A key to the genus of Mydaeinae from China and keys to species of genera from Mydaeinae are provided.

In the present paper, four new species, namely Mydaea franzosternita n. sp., Myospila apicaliciliola n. sp., Myospila maoershanensis n. sp., and Myospila subflavipennis n. sp. are described. A key to genus of Mydaeinae from China and keys to species of genera from Mydaeinae are provided.

Materials and Methods
The specimens examined for this paper were collected by sweeping from brushwood in the mountainous regions of northeast, southeast, and central China, and were collected with hand nets. Genitalic structures were detached from the body, cleared by warming in a 10% NaOH solution (approximately 100°C) for several minutes, placed in a droplet of glycerol, and observed under a compound light microscope. Terminology of external morphology and of the male terminalia follows McAlpine (1981).
The type specimens studied in this paper are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.

Nomenclature
This publication and the nomenclature it contains have been registered in ZooBank. The LSID number is: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D2171D52-871F-4034-BA4F-32E57A141F90. It can be found online by inserting the LSID number after www.zoobank.com/. Generic diagnosis: Pra long and subequal with posterior notopleural seta at least, reaching to the transverse suture almost, the distance between pra and transverse suture shorter than 1/4 of the distance between pra and supra-alar seta; sternite 1 with hairs. Legs. Tibiae yellow, otherwise black; fore tibia without medial p; mid femur with row of 1 pv, becoming short apically, and with 2 apical a and 3 pd, mid tibia with 2 p; hind femur with complete av and pv rows, basal half fine trichoid, and with fine v, hind tibia with 3 av, 2 ad, and 4(5) short p, without apical pv; tarsi longer than tibiae, claws and pulvilli small and short.

Head.
Eyes with short and dense ciliae; frons wider than the distance between outer margins of posterior ocelli, frontal vitta black, about 2.0 times as wide as fronto-orbital plate, frons with 11-13 pairs of ori, becoming shorter apically; both sides of anterior ocellus with a pair of retroverted ors, about 2.0 times as long as the upper one; fronto-orbital plate and parafacial covered with dark gray pruinosity, parafacial about 1/2 of postpedicel in width; antenna black, postpedicel about 4.0 times as long as wide, arista long plumose, the longest hair about 2.5 times as wide as aristal basal diameter; epistoma not projecting in profile, anterior margin of gena with 2 rows of upcurving subvibrissal setulae; vibrissal angle situated behind frontal angle in profile; gena slightly shining, covered with sparse brown pruinosity, genal height about 1/6 of eye height; genal and postgenal hairs entire black, the upper lateral area of the occiput with hairs; proboscis short, prementum shining, covered with sparse grey pruinosity, about 1.5 times as long as wide; palpus black, longer than the length of prementum; labella large, subequal with prementum in length.

Wings
Abdomen. Black, oviform, covered with grayish to brownish grey pruinosity, without glittery patch, body hairs short and dense, tergite 3 with a pair of brown elliptic patches, tergite 4 with a pair of blackish brown triangular patches, tergite 5 with a narrow faint pruinosity vitta, tergites 4 and 5 with distinct posterior marginal and discal setae, with distinct piliferous patches; sternite 1 bare, apical part of sternites 2 and 4 with strong setae. Remarks. This species resembles Myospila lasiophthalma (Emden, 1965), but differs from it by in tergite 5 dark brown mostly, without distinct patch; inner margin of male cerci very straight and with many small hairs apically.
Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin words cilium meaning small ciliae, referring to the male apical part of the cerci, which has many small ciliae. Head. Eyes bare; frons about 2.0 times as wide as anterior ocellus; frontal vitta black, the narrowest part wirelike, frons with 13-15 pairs of ori, becoming shorter toward forward, the upper one just subequal with anterior ocellus in width, front also with upper orbital seta 1, about 3.5 times as wide as anterior ocellus, fronto-orbital plate and parafacial covered with silvery white pruinosity; parafacial about 2/5 of postpedicel in width; antennae black, postpedicel about 3.5 times as long as wide, arista long plumose, the longest hair about 2.5 times as wide as aristal basal diameter; epistoma not projecting, with a row of upcurving subvibrissal setulae; vibrissal angle situated behind frontal angle in profile; gena with dark brown pruinosity, slightly shining, genal height about 1/9 of eye height; beard and postgena setae all black, dorsal area of occiput with hairs; proboscis short, prementum shining, covered with few grey pruinosity, about 1.6 times as long as wide; palpus blackish brown, longer than prementum in length.

Wings
Abdomen. Black, round-shaped, every tergite covered with a grey median pruinosity vitta, both sides of the vitta covered with sparse brownish grey pruinosity, and extended to katepisternum, without glitter patch, body hairs short and dense; posterior of tergite 3 and 4 smoke-color, but without lateral patch; posterior marginal setae on tergite 4 and 5 strong, discal setae on tergite 5 distinct; sternite 1 bare, posterior margin of sternite 2(4) with a pair of strong setae respectively. Remarks. This species resembles Myospila subbruma Feng 2003, but differs from it in both beard and postgena setae yellow, inner vitta on presutural area of scutum yellow, and the one on postsutural area of scutum black; frons with 13-15 pairs of ori, becoming shorter toward the front, the upper one just subequal with anterior ocellus width, front it also with a upper orbital seta, about 3.5 times as wide as anterior ocellus; prementum shining, covered with few grey pruinosity, about 1.6 times as long as wide.
Etymology. The species is named after the locality of the holotype, referring to the species found in China: Guangxi Zhuangzu Au-Autonomous Region: Mt. Mao'er shan. Head. Eyes bare; frons about subequal with the distance between outer margins of posterior ocelli; frontal vitta black, obliterated in the middle; frons with 5-6 pairs of ori, distributing over 3/5 lower of frons; fronto-orbital plate and parafacial covered with silvery white pruinosity; parafacial about 1/3 of postpedicel in width; antennae black, postpedicel about 3.5 times as long as wide, arista long plumose, and the longest hair about 2.5 times as wide as its basal diameter; epistoma not projecting in profile, with a row of upcurving subvibrissal setulae; vibrissal angle situated behind frontal angle in profile; gena covered with grey pruinosity, slightly shining, genal height about 1/6 of eye height; beard and postgena setae all black, dorsal area of occiput with hairs; proboscis short, prementum shining and covered with few grey pruinosity, about 2.0 times as long as wide; palpus blackish brown, longer than prementum in length, labella large, subequal with prementum in length.

Myospila subflavipennis
Thorax. Black in ground color, anterior of scutum covered with silvery white pruinosity, posterior of scutum covered with grey to brownish grey pruinosity, inner part of dc row with a black narrow stripe, and the outside one too wide; acr 0+1, dc 2+4, ia 0+1, pra trichoid, about 1/3 of posterior notopleural seta in length; notopleuron bare; scutellum the same color as thorax, lateral and ventral surfaces of scutellum bare; basisternum of prosternum with hairs, anepimeron, meron, and katepimeron all bare; spiracles dark brown; just with upper proepimeral setae long and large 1, anterior anepisernal seta 1; katepisternal setae 1+2.
Wings. Transparent; tegula and basicosta black, costal spine short and small, ventral surface of vein C with hairs, vein Sc curved as arc-shaped, and subcosta sclerite brownish yellow; vein R 4+5 base, dorsal and ventral surfaces of radial node bare, distal of vein M 1+2 curved forward; calypters brown, the lower calypter tongue-shaped, about 1.8 times as long as the upper calypter; halteres yellow.
Legs. Blackish brown except tiabiae brownish yellow, tarsi brown; fore tibia without median p; mid femur with a short av row 2/5 of distal, long 3(4) pv on distal half, preapical with 3 pd, mid tibia with 3 p, without other seta; hind femur with a complete of short av row, and just 4(5) large apically, without distinct pv; hind tibia with 2 av, median with 1 ad, without pd and apical pv; all tarsi longer than tibiae, claws and pulvilli small, about 1/2 of tarsomere 5 in length.
Abdomen. Black, egg-shaped, covered with dense grey pruinosity, without glittery patch, tergite 3 and 4 with a wide brown trapeziashaped patch respectively, in the middle of the patch with a brownish grey pruinosity vitta, divided the trapezia-shaped patch into two indistinct parts; posterior marginal setae and discal setae on tergite 4 and 5 thick and large, posterior margin of tergite 5 shining and brown; black median part narrow; sternite 1 bare, posterior margin of sternite 2(4) with a pair of strong setae respectively, sternite 5 lanky.
Female. Unknown. Remarks. This species resembles Myospila flavipennis (Malloch, 1928), but differs from it by the pedicel being black; scutellum with-out a broad median vitta; legs entirely black except tibiae brownish yellow and tarsi brown.
Etymology. The species name is from the Latin words sub meaning resemble, referring to the male resemblance to the species Myospila flavipennis (Malloch, 1928).