Subfamily Coleoscirinae (Acari: Trombidiformes: Cunaxidae), with description of one new species from Pakistan

Abstract The Coleoscirinae (Acari: Trombidiformes: Cunaxidae) from Pakistan are summarized in this paper. Two species of Scutascirus Den Heyer ( S. pirgus Chaudhri and Akbar and S . tactus Chaudhri and Akbar), ten species of Coleoscirus Berlese ( C. baptos (Chaudhri and Akbar), C. carex (Inayatullah and Shahid), C. carnus Muhammad and Chaudhri, C. comis Muhammad and Chaudhri, C. disparis Muhammad and Chaudhri, C . irroratus Muhammad and Chaudhri, C. mardi (Inatullah and Shahid), C. raviensis Afzal, Ashfaq and Khan, C . tobaensis Bashir, Afzal, Ashfaq, and Khan, and C . trudus Bashir, Afzal and Akbar), and three species of Pseudobonzia Smiley ( P. ashfaqi Bashir, Afzal and Akbar, P. numida Chaudhri and Akbar, and P . parilus Chaudhri) have been previously reported. One new species of Pseudobonzia , Pseudobonzia bakerisp. n. , is herein described and illustrated. A key to the genera of the subfamily and keys to the species in each genus are given to incorporate the new species from Pakistan. Distribution records of all known species in Pakistan are also given.

Coleoscirinae was erected by Den Heyer (1979). It encompasses two tribes (Coleoscirini and Neoscirulini) and six genera (Neoscirula Den Heyer, Pseudobonzia Smiley, Coleobonzia Den Heyer & Castro, Coleoscirus Berlese, Orangescirula Bu & Li, and Scutascirus Den Heyer). Ninety-one species have thus far been described in this subfamily (Den Heyer 2011). Neoscirula, which Smiley (1992) transferred to Bonzinae based on characteristics of the hypostomal setae, has recently been placed back into Coleoscirinae (Den Heyer 2011). Berlese (1916) Thor and Willmann (1941) redescribed and provided drawings of Coleoscirus simplex, C. brevicornis, C. curtipalpis, C. halacaroides, and C. curtipalpis (as C. corniculatus). Baker and Hoffmann (1948) redescribed and provided the drawings of C. curtipalpis, C. brevicornis, and C. simplex. They also described and gave drawings of a new species, Cunaxa mexicana (= Coleoscirus mexicanus Baker & Hoffmann, 1948) from Mexico and the U.S.A. Smiley (1975) provided a new genus name, Pseudocunaxa, for species related to and including Coleoscirus simplex.. This new genus name is a synonym of Coleoscirus Berlese, 1916(Den Heyer 1980a. Den Heyer (1979) described two new species, C. tuberculatus and C. magdalenae, from Africa and gave a key for these two species. Den Heyer (1980a) described three new species, Coleoscirus coatesi, C. buartus, and C. breslauensis, and prepared a comprehensive key. Den Heyer (1980b)  Den Heyer (1979) synonymized Pseudocunaxa with Coleoscirus. Chaudhri and Akbar (1985) and Inayatullah and Shahid (1993) apparently missed that publication or did not agree with it and described species in the genus Pseudocunaxa. In 1992, Smiley gave the new classification system for Cunaxidae family, as he synonymized Pseudocunaxa and Lapicunaxa with Coleoscirus and described 11 species of this genus, including the species of Chaudhri and Akbar (1985). Later, Muhammad and Chaudhri (1992a, b) and Bashir et al. (2006 contributed to the fauna of this genus from Pakistan. The genus Pseudobonzia was erected by Smiley (1975). He designated Cunaxa reticulata Heryford as its type species. Den Heyer (1977) described six new species from the Ethiopian region and placed this genus in the subfamily Coleoscirinae (Den Heyer 1980b). Later, Den Heyer (1980a), Luxton (1982), Liang (1984), Sepasgosarian (1984), Chaudhri and Akbar (1985), Michocka (1987), Smiley (1992), and  made significant contributions to the fauna of this genus worldwide.

Materials and Methods
Sieve collection was used for field collecting. The plant parts, such as leaves, twigs, and inflorescences, were beaten on a sieve held over a white piece of paper. Cunaxids were sorted with the help of a magnifying lens and stored in vials containing 70% alcohol and few drops of glycerin. Materials such as soil and leaf debris that could not be processed in the field were processed in Berlese funnels for at least 24 hours. They were subsequently sorted under a binocular microscope and preserved in 70% ethanol. The specimens were mounted permanently on glass slides using Hoyer's medium and identified using a phase contrast microscope. Illustrations were prepared by using an ocular grid. The identification of the species was done with the help of existing keys and literature. The setal nomenclature of Kethley (1990) has been adopted. All the measurements (in µm) and ranges are given in the description. The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript: asl: attenuate solenidion bsl: blunt ended solenidion sts: simple tactile setae T: trichobothrium Peo: cunaxid peg organ on tarsi I Nomenclature This publication and the nomenclature it contains have been registered in Zoobank. The LSID number is: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:13C6436F-7557-439D-B4A1-A7C8F07D3530 It can be found online by inserting the LSID number after www.zoobank.org/
Chelicerae 135 long, terminating in a claw, with one simple dorsomedial seta, dorsal and ventral sides with papillae ( Figure 1C).
Venter. Venter with papillate striations. Coxae I-II contiguous, connected by small lateral apodemes; coxae III-IV contiguous, broader than coxae I-II. Ventral hysterosoma with 1 pairs propodogastral simple setae and 7 pairs hysterogastral setae in addition to setae of anal and genital region. Genital shield with two valves bearing papillae. Each valve with 4 genital setae (g 1 -g 4 ) longitudinal aligned and 2 genital suckers. Two pairs of anal setae (a) and one pair of paranal setae (pa) present. One pair minute pores near anal shield (Figure 3).

Male
Unknown.
Type material. Holotype female, collected in Lahore from leaf debris on 28 August 2004 (Hamid) and deposited in the Acarology Research Laboratory, Department of Agri. Entomology, University of Agriculture, Pakistan.
Etymology. The species epithet is in reference to Dr. Edward W. Baker, Research Entomologist (Acarology), Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA, for his outstanding contribution to the field of Acarology.