Oral Zidovudine, Continuous–Infusion Fluorouracil, and Oral Leucovorin Calcium: A Phase I Study

Abstract

A phase I clinical, pharmacologic, and biochemical evaluation of escalating oral zidovudine (AZT) given over 2 days with a fixed dose of continuous–infusion fluorouracil (800 mg/m ² per day × 3 days) and oral leucovorin calcium was performed. Eighteen patients were treated with doses of AZT ranging from 1.0 to 9.0 g/m ² per day. Nausea and vomiting were dose limiting, with a maximally tolerated dose of 7.5 g/m ² per day. Rash and mucositis occurred but were not dose limiting. A dose–related increase in peak plasma levels of AZT was observed, and the alpha half–life of AZT in plasma (75 min) was unaffected by these high doses. At doses above 4.0 g/m ² per day, trough levels significantly increased, perhaps reflecting prolonged absorption from the gut. No responses were observed; however, a significant increase in DNA single–strand breaks was observed in peripheral blood cells after a threshold dose of 4.0 g/m ² per day, confirming a biological effect of AZT in this regimen. Further trials with an intravenous formulation capable of maintaining plasma levels and circumventing dose/limiting toxicity are warranted. [J Natl Cancer Inst 82:1710–1714, 1990]