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Research Article
Mammographic classification of interval breast cancers and artificial intelligence performance
Tiffany T Yu and others
Background European studies suggest artificial intelligence (AI) can reduce interval breast cancers (IBCs). However, research on IBC classification and AI’s effectiveness in the U.S., particularly using digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and annual screening, is limited. We aimed to mammographically classify IBCs and assess AI performance using a 12-month screening interval. Methods From digital ...
Editorial
Treatment deescalation for older women with favorable breast cancers: patient values and shared decision making
Deborah R Smith and Silvia C Formenti
Accordingly, practicing shared decision making emerges as critical for empowering women to choose their preferred approach. Fortunately, available radiation treatment options have evolved to include partial breast radiotherapy as well as ultrahypofractionated whole breast radiation therapy delivered over only 1 week. 31-32 These shortened courses of radiation align with the goal of therapeutic ...
Review Article
Secondary malignancies after treatment of testicular germ cell tumors: a systematic review & meta-analysis
Ahmad Mousa and others
Background Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) are the most common malignancy in men 15-35 years of age. Management options for men with TGCTs include surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy. Given TGCTs’ excellent survival, most patients live long enough to experience delayed treatment toxicities, warranting careful consideration of therapeutic decisions. An important outcome of interest is the ...
Brief Report
Effect size estimation in cooperative group and industry sponsored phase 3 oncology trials
Sonal S Noticewala and others
Overly optimistic estimations of effect sizes may lead to underpowered studies and risk of erroneously dismissing effective treatments. To understand the prevalence and factors contributing to estimation of effect sizes, we evaluated 385 superiority-design phase 3 oncology randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with pre-specified and observed hazard ratios (HR) in published manuscripts. Of these, ...
Research Article
Ten years of robot-assisted versus laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer (short-term RESOLUTION)
Rauand Duhoky and others
Background Total mesorectal excision is the gold standard for rectal cancer surgery, with laparoscopic and robot-assisted approaches commonly employed. While robot-assisted surgery may offer technical advantages, there is limited evidence comparing short-term outcomes of laparoscopic and robot-assisted techniques, particularly in Western European populations. This study aimed to assess the ...

Editor's Choice & Editorials

Editor's Choice Article
Impact of major depressive disorder on breast cancer outcomes: a national retrospective cohort study
Maya Aboumrad and others
JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 117, Issue 4, April 2025, Pages 653–664, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djae287
Background Establishing whether women with major depressive disorder who develop breast cancer have poor outcomes is key to optimizing care for this population. To this end, we examined associations between major depressive disorder and breast cancer recurrence and mortality. Methods Using medical record data from the US Department of Veterans Affairs health-care system, we established a ...
Editor's Choice Article
Polygenic risk scores stratify breast cancer risk among women with benign breast disease
Mark E Sherman and others
JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 117, Issue 3, March 2025, Pages 456–464, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djae255
Background Most breast biopsies are diagnosed as benign breast disease, with 1.5- to 4-fold increased breast cancer risk. Apart from pathologic diagnoses of atypical hyperplasia, few factors aid in breast cancer risk assessment of these patients. We assessed whether a 313–single nucleotide variation (formerly single-nucleotide polymorphism) polygenic risk score stratifies risk of benign breast ...
Editor's Choice Article
Effect of chemotherapy and surgery timing on mortality in upper and lower extremity osteosarcoma
Mark D Danese and John S Groundland
JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 117, Issue 4, April 2025, Pages 611–618, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djae229
Background Surgery with neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy represents the standard of care for extremity osteosarcoma despite a lack of high-quality evidence for its use, and trial evidence that suggests upfront surgery may result in better outcomes. This study estimated the difference in overall survival for the standard of care (neoadjuvant first) vs upfront surgery first followed by ...
Editor's Choice Early Career Investigator Research
Health insurance continuity and mortality in children, adolescents, and young adults with blood cancer
Xu Ji and others
JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 117, Issue 2, February 2025, Pages 344–354, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djae226
Background Many uninsured patients do not receive Medicaid coverage until a cancer diagnosis, potentially delaying access to care for early cancer detection and treatment. We examined the association of Medicaid enrollment timing and patterns with survival among children, adolescents, and young adults with diagnosed blood cancers, where disease onset can be acute and early detection is critical. ...
Editor's Choice Commentary
Accelerating progress to reduce the cancer burden through prevention and control in the United States
Katrina A B Goddard and others
JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 117, Issue 1, January 2025, Pages 20–28, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djae204
Improvements in cancer prevention and control are poised to be main contributors in reducing the burden of cancer in the United States. We quantify top opportunities to accelerate progress using projected life-years gained and deaths averted as measures. We project that over the next 25 years, realistic gains from tobacco control can contribute 0.4-17 million additional life-years gained per ...
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