
Contents
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Arts, Literature and Diplomacy under the Ancien Regime Arts, Literature and Diplomacy under the Ancien Regime
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1789 to 1870: The Nation and Cultural Activities 1789 to 1870: The Nation and Cultural Activities
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1870 to 1914: Cultural Competition and Rivalries 1870 to 1914: Cultural Competition and Rivalries
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1914 to 1920: The First World War and its Consequences 1914 to 1920: The First World War and its Consequences
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1920 to 1939: A Dynamic Foreign Cultural Drive 1920 to 1939: A Dynamic Foreign Cultural Drive
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1939 to 1945: The Turmoil of the Second World War 1939 to 1945: The Turmoil of the Second World War
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1945 to 1995: The Rise of Cultural Diplomacy and the Founding of the Direction générale de la mondialisation 1945 to 1995: The Rise of Cultural Diplomacy and the Founding of the Direction générale de la mondialisation
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French Foreign Cultural Activities: A Tradition with a Long History
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Published:July 2013
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Abstract
Ancien Régime scientists and artists serving in European courts provided a French presence and their preparation of treaties gave culture and diplomacy a vital role; the eighteenth century witnessed the global spread of French cultural and scientific activities culminating in the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man. The Alliance française was created in 1883 through foreign-based French dignitaries: schools abroad followed; prior to the Great War rivals to France aimed to maintain or enhance their influence on the elites of other nations: French diplomats advanced and defended the French language in international organizations. War required established networks to be realigned according to usefulness, and the interwar period saw the cultural, linguistic and humanitarian budget share increasing. During the Second World War, the Free French prioritized the winning over of schools abroad, the Alliance française head office moved Paris to London, intensifying Vichy's isolation; after hostilities, the policy was redefined for teaching French abroad, leading to a major training programme for the leaders of state and industry in developing countries. Modernization meant professionalization, exchange, media, and overhauling the diplomatic service, with globalization and changing strategies of influence: cultural and scientific elements are now essential to the foreign activities of Franc
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