Sand Fly Fever: What Have We Learned in One Hundred Years?

ABSTRACT

Sand fly fever has severely impacted military missions in southern Europe and the Middle East for hundreds of years. After a brief respite following the malaria eradication programs of World War II, it has returned as a significant disease among residents in and travelers to the Mediterranean rim. It is a more severe disease now, with potential vectors in the United States. Sand fly fever is discussed in terms of its viruses, vectors, disease, control, and potential domestic impact.

Author notes

1

The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of NAVMED MPT&E, Missouri State University, Department of the Navy, Uniformed Services University, Department of Defense, nor the U.S. Government.