
Contents
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Distinctions and Purposes Distinctions and Purposes
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Important distinctions Important distinctions
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Purposes of the principles Purposes of the principles
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Maxims Maxims
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Maxim I: “Think it through” Maxim I: “Think it through”
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Maxim II: “Make and use associations” Maxim II: “Make and use associations”
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Sixteen Specific Principles Sixteen Specific Principles
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Principles that underlie “Think it through” Principles that underlie “Think it through”
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Principles that underlie “Make and use associations” Principles that underlie “Make and use associations”
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Structure information by using associations Structure information by using associations
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Create rich retrieval cues Create rich retrieval cues
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Using the Principles Using the Principles
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgments
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References References
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11 The Science of Learning: Mechanisms and Principles
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Published:October 2017
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Abstract
An enormous amount is now known about how humans process and store information. This chapter organizes that knowledge into a set of 16 principles, which we have used systematically to help students master the material they are taught. The principles are organized under two very general maxims: Think it Through (the more you think something through, paying attention to what you are doing, the more likely you are later to remember it) and Make and Use Associations (associations not only help us organize material so that it is easy to store in memory but also give us the hooks that will allow us later to dig the material out of memory, to recall it). The 16 principles can be invoked in different combinations by using different application techniques, such as mnemonics and explaining material to yourself.
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