
Contents
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Drug Addiction, Recovery, and Relapse Drug Addiction, Recovery, and Relapse
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Incentive Salience and Utility Incentive Salience and Utility
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Liking and Wanting Things Other Than Drugs Liking and Wanting Things Other Than Drugs
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Other Consumer Behaviors Other Consumer Behaviors
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Incentive Salience in Temporal Discounting? Incentive Salience in Temporal Discounting?
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Summary Summary
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References References
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10 Incentive Salience in Addiction and Over-Consumption
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Published:September 2014
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Abstract
Incentive salience (‘wanting’) normally provides an ‘oomph’ that spurs attention to and motivation for objects of desire. But when amplified excessively by brain mesolimbic sensitization, a set of neurobiological changes that increase the reactivity of dopamine-related brain systems, ‘wanting’ can have pathological intensity, leading to the kind of compulsive ‘wanting’ associated with impulse control disorders, such as addiction. A stimulus attributed with excessive incentive salience may trigger an overwhelming urge to consume its related reward. Sensitization of its underlying neural systems can make rewards and their cues powerful triggers of craving and instigate seeking behavior, and similar changes in the brain may possibly occur spontaneously in certain binge-eating disorders and in some other compulsive pursuits of incentives. Selective surges in ‘wanting’ spurred on by environmental triggers can explain why, under these conditions, rewards can be ‘wanted’ much more than they are ‘liked’. The incentive sensitization theory provides an explanation for the compulsive pursuit and over-consumption of addictive incentives
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