
Contents
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Overview of Methods for Element Imaging in Biological Tissue Overview of Methods for Element Imaging in Biological Tissue
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Techniques Involving Mass Spectrometry Techniques Involving Mass Spectrometry
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Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)
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Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS)
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Techniques Sensitive to Inner Electron Shell Transitions Techniques Sensitive to Inner Electron Shell Transitions
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X-Ray and Electron Absorption Techniques X-Ray and Electron Absorption Techniques
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X-Ray Emission Techniques X-Ray Emission Techniques
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Restrictions Related to the Interactions of Incident Beam and Matter Restrictions Related to the Interactions of Incident Beam and Matter
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Restrictions Related to Detection Restrictions Related to Detection
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Spatial Resolution and Additional Details Spatial Resolution and Additional Details
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Histochemical Techniques Histochemical Techniques
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Sample Preparation for Element Imaging Sample Preparation for Element Imaging
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Differential Washout of Soluble Analytes during Fixation Differential Washout of Soluble Analytes during Fixation
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Other Artifacts and Pitfalls in Element Imaging Other Artifacts and Pitfalls in Element Imaging
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Preview of an Upcoming Element Atlas of the Rat Brain Preview of an Upcoming Element Atlas of the Rat Brain
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Potential Application to Infections of the Central Nervous System Potential Application to Infections of the Central Nervous System
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgments
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19 Measuring Metals in Complex Biological Systems
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Published:June 2015
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Abstract
This chapter presents a conceptual overview of techniques for element imaging in biological specimens. Mass spectrometric techniques, particle and photon-induced X-ray emission techniques as well as X-ray and electron absorption techniques are described. It also discusses frequent methodological issues common to elemental bioimaging in all of these techniques. These concern differential leaching of analyte species from distinct biological structures in contact with water and the use of reference parameters correcting for nonhomogeneous material density and nonhomogeneous instrument sensitivity. The use of 3D atlases of element concentrations for hypothesis generation is exemplified by manganese in the rat brain. The data reported in this chapter were acquired from healthy tissue and illustrate the potential of measurement methods, which can have a major impact in clarifying the role of heavy metals in infectious disease. The examples described have been selected from among various applications of element imaging and may indirectly help infection biologists choose appropriate analytical strategies for their experiments.
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