A case of systemic lupus erythematosus associated auto-splenectomy presenting as invasive pneumococcal sepsis

Abstract

A 21-year-old female with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presented to the emergency department with septic shock. She had been maintained on 5 mg prednisolone daily and hydroxychloroquine 400 mg once daily and been investigated three years prior for recurrent left upper quadrant chest pain. Her previous SLE complications included pericardial effusion and high-risk pregnancy. Intensive care support was required due to septic shock, and a diagnosis of primary invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteraemia was made following positive blood cultures. Computer tomography imaging of the abdomen demonstrated asplenia, with a diagnosis of auto-splenectomy thought most likely. Retrospective analysis of blood films from the two years prior was consistent with hyposplenism, including Howell-Jolly Bodies. The patient recovered from her sepsis and is maintained on amoxicillin prophylaxis. She was vaccinated according to post splenectomy guidelines and registered to the spleen registry. We report a case of auto-splenectomy and subsequent invasive pneumococcal disease in a SLE patient.

Lupus erythematosus, systemic, pneumococcal infections, splenic diseases, vaccination