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In May of 1916, U.S. marines occupied Santo Domingo, the capital city of the Dominican Republic. Their stated pretext was the Dominican government’s repeated failure to uphold a customs agreement signed with the United States in 1907. In the midst of political confusion surrounding the invasion, as the Dominican provisional government refused to relinquish control of its military, U.S. marines began to occupy the country. The original idea of the policy of dollar diplomacy, as expressed by both Theodore Roosevelt’s and William Howard Taft’s administrations, had been to replace “dollars for bullets,” as Taftwas to put it—to guarantee economic and political stability in the Carib bean region without the need for intrusive, and by 1905 highly controversial, military interventions. Yet the result was the exact opposite: on 29 November, U.S. Navy Captain Harry S. Knapp read his formal proclamation for U.S. military occupation of the Dominican Republic.
A new military government wielded power. Its first measures sought to bring order through the exertion of military control and included the disbanding of all Dominican armed and police forces, the disarmament of the population, and strict censorship of the press. As World War I concerns diverted the U.S. government’s attention toward the wider Atlantic and Eu rope, it leftthe occupation’s administration for years under control of the U.S. Navy and marines. Officers expected to improve Dominican society by building infrastructure and creating a new Dominican army modeled on the U.S. Marine Corps, but also planned in terms of larger strategic interests. Connected as it was to Washington-based foreign policies, the U.S. occupation of the Dominican Republic from 1916 to 1924 was, at its core, a military experiment.
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