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Northern-Style “Massive Resistance” Northern-Style “Massive Resistance”
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Mothers' Interactions with Educators Mothers' Interactions with Educators
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The Educational Dimension of Child Rearing The Educational Dimension of Child Rearing
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Neighborhood Activism as Educational Activism Neighborhood Activism as Educational Activism
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Four “Massive Resistance” in the Public Schools
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Published:April 2009
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Abstract
This chapter examines how working-class African American women retained their deep faith in education as a tool of upward mobility in the face of the racist policies adopted by the Philadelphia public school system. Of all the institutions that women approached, the public education system was the most discriminatory and unresponsive, and it played a powerful role in shaping African Americans' future prospects. While civil rights activists sought to eliminate the racial segregation within the school system, most working-class mothers focused their attention on performing the daily labor required to facilitate their children's education. Mothers tried to maintain some limited contact with the schools, even after encountering teachers and principals who viewed them with contempt and blamed them for their children's problems. Some women looked outside of the school system to secure resources that they needed to educate their children. They tried to convince the municipal government to help them address problems in their neighborhoods that impeded their children's successful pursuit of education.
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