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Omega-3 Fatty Acids

The nutrition story of omega-3 fatty acids is quickly evolving and recent research demonstrates their expanded role in supporting both physical and mental health.  This curated virtual issue of 11 recent articles from Nutrition Reviews includes the newest information on the role that omega-3 fatty acids play in health. The perspectives presented in this virtual issue include how omega-3 fatty acids support healthy pregnancy outcomes (Satokar et al 2021) and their chronotropic effect related to the resting heart rate (Zhang 2022). The systematic reviews focus on the clinical importance of omega-3 fatty acids (Musa-Veloso et al 2018; Camargo et al 2018; Chen et al 2020), their role in lipid metabolism (Conway et al 2020), a comparison between different sources of omega-3 fatty acids on metabolism (Kim et al 2020) and how fish oil supplements are associated with the preservation of lean body mass with exercise (Heileson et al 2020).  The three meta-analyses included in this issue are on sleep (Dai et al 2021), peripheral nerve health (Zhang et al 2019) and what their role may be in preventing cognitive decline in adults (Alex et al 2019).  We hope you find this issue to be a quick way to update your knowledge on omega-3 fatty acids.

Articles

Kathy Musa-Veloso, Carolina Venditti, Han Youl Lee, Maryse Darch, Seth Floyd, Spencer West, Ryan Simon

The aim of this review was to systematically assess the effects of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, on liver-related and metabolic outcomes in adult and pediatric patients with NAFLD.

Carolina Q Camargo, Henver S Brunetta, Everson A Nunes

Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, demonstrate possible beneficial effects as adjuvants in cancer treatment. One mechanism seems to be related to alterations in the redox status of cancer cells. Such alterations are thought to act in synergy with conventional anticancer agents.

Vidit V Satokar, Wayne S Cutfield, David Cameron-Smith, Benjamin B Albert

The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing worldwide, and the children of women who are obese during pregnancy are at greatest risk. This risk may be mediated by exaggeration of the normal insulin resistance of pregnancy. Omega-3 (n-3) fats are insulin sensitizing.

Ying Dai, Jianghong Liu

The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the impact of omega-3 LC-PUFA supplementation and related dietary intervention in clinical trials as well as omega-3 LC-PUFA exposure in longitudinal studies on human’s sleep-related outcome.

Alexis Ceecee Zhang, Manikkuwadura Eranda Harshan De Silva, Richard J MacIsaac, Leslie Roberts, Jordan Kamel, Jennifer P Craig, Ljoudmila Busija, Laura E Downie

The aim of this systematic review, conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Collaboration’s handbook and reported according to the PRISMA checklist, was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of omega-3 oral supplements for improving peripheral nerve structure and function.

Anu Alex, Kylie A Abbott, Mark McEvoy, Peter W Schofield, Manohar L Garg

The present systematic review of randomized controlled trials was conducted to determine the changes in cognitive function after intervention with LCn-3PUFA supplementation in non-demented adults, including those with mild cognitive impairment.

Myeong Gyu Kim, Inkyou Yang, Han Sol Lee, Jae-Young Lee, Kyungim Kim

Krill oil is a good source of n-3 phospholipids and has greater bioavailability than fish oil, which contains n-3 triglycerides. However, it is unclear whether krill oil affects circulating lipid concentrations more beneficially than fish oil.

Xi Chen, Seokgyeong Hong, Xiaoying Sun, Wenbin Xu, Hongjin Li, Tian Ma, Qi Zheng, Huaibo Zhao, Yaqiong Zhou, Yan Qiang, Bin Li, Xin Li

The aim of this quantitative systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fish oil and its components in the treatment of psoriasis and its comorbidities.

Jeffery L Heileson, LesLee K Funderburk

Following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review assessed the evidence for FO n-3 PUFA supplementation across various military-relevant outcomes related to physical performance in healthy adult populations.

Marie C Conway, Emeir M McSorley, Maria S Mulhern, J J Strain, Edwin van Wijngaarden, Alison J Yeates

The current review discusses the influence of FADS genotype on PUFA status of pregnant women, breast milk, and children, and also how FADS may influence child health outcomes.

Weiguo Zhang

The roles of the resting heart rate (RHR) have been actively investigated and increasingly recognized in recent decades, because of the growing evidence that fast RHR is associated with and predicts the risk of developing cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, as well as all-cause mortality. Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (eg, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) have been shown...

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