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Title IX’s Response to Retaliation Title IX’s Response to Retaliation
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When Courts and Complainants Disagree about Whether There Was “Discrimination”: The Pitfalls of the Reasonable Belief Doctrine When Courts and Complainants Disagree about Whether There Was “Discrimination”: The Pitfalls of the Reasonable Belief Doctrine
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How Much Adversity Does It Take to Trigger the Law’s Protection? How Much Adversity Does It Take to Trigger the Law’s Protection?
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Weighing Future Costs and the Courage to Complain Weighing Future Costs and the Courage to Complain
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Where Are the Women? Gender Disparities in Sport Leadership Where Are the Women? Gender Disparities in Sport Leadership
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When Trust Turns to Abuse: The Problem of Coach-Athlete Sexual Harassment When Trust Turns to Abuse: The Problem of Coach-Athlete Sexual Harassment
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Ripe for Abuse? The Distinctive Environment of Competitive Sports and the Vulnerability of Athletes Ripe for Abuse? The Distinctive Environment of Competitive Sports and the Vulnerability of Athletes
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Title IX’s Tepid Response to Coach-Athlete Sexual Harassment Title IX’s Tepid Response to Coach-Athlete Sexual Harassment
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8 Beyond Equal Access: Retaliation, Coaching, And Sexual Harassment
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Published:August 2010
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Abstract
This chapter examines three issues that are central to Title IX's gender equality goals beyond getting women into sports and providing equal support and benefits: protection of individuals who are bold enough to speak out about discrimination, representation of women in coaching and athletic administration jobs, and the sexual harassment of female athletes by their coaches. After discussing Title IX's response to retaliation against athletes and coaches who complain about gender inequality, the chapter considers the reasonable belief doctrine and its pitfalls. It then explores what kinds of punishments count as unlawful retaliation under Title IX and the significance of the Supreme Court ruling in Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education that retaliation is a form of sex discrimination. It also looks at gender disparities in sports leadership, including women's lack of representation in college coaching, and concludes with an assessment of Title IX's response to the problem of sexual harassment involving the coach and the athlete.
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