Volume 36, Issue 9, September 2024

Expert opinions on major open questions in plant proteolysis research.

We review proteolytic regulation by endogenous proteases and microbial hijacking of key components of the RNA silencing machinery.

We review the current understanding of mechanisms underlying autophagosome formation and selective autophagy of organelles under abiotic stress conditions.

The authors review the deeply intertwined roles of proteolytic regulation in auxin response.

This review focuses on the pathways dismantling plant organelles inside the vacuole, especially selective autophagy of chloroplasts, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and peroxisomes.

In this review, the function and regulation of deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs), which modulate the ubiquitin code and contribute to various cellular processes, will be discussed.

Plants possess a several specialized degradation pathways that recognize proteins through their degrons, acting synergistically to maintain proteostasis.

Protein degradation mediated by the ubiquitin proteasome system and proteases is critical in regulating the the homeostasis of many immune regulators.

Intra-chloroplast proteases to provide the expert and non-expert readers information about these proteases and their key functional features.

The post-translational modification SUMO has evolved to link developmental processes to adaptive functions in land plants.

The E3-DART system can be used to target proteins for degradation in plant cells.

Auxin removes the barrier protein ERF13 through the MPK14-MAC3A and MAC3B signaling module, thus promoting lateral root emergence.

The large protein BIG participates in the Arg/N-degron pathways to regulate hypoxia responses and broader functions in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Two variants of WLG have differing ubiquitination activity levels toward LARGE2, which result in differences in flag leaf and grain size in rice.

A virus-derived small interfering RNA targets a plant transcriptional repressor, which results in the activation of autophagy, ultimately enhancing drought tolerance in common bean.

Hormonal regulation of maize stalk height is influenced by 4 members of a gene family that has similarity to genes previously associated with insect defense induction in numerous other plant species.

Secreted proteases of eggplant, tobacco, and tomato were bioengineered to function in the perception of a pathogen-secreted protease inhibitor through a resistance gene product.

ABA-responsive E3 ubiquitin ligase PUB35 cooperates with AFP1 and negatively regulates ABA signaling by mediating the ubiquitination and degradation of ABI5.

Suppressor mutant analysis and ubiquitome analysis elucidated the crucial roles of protein ubiquitination in the regulation of xylem vessel functionality in Arabidopsis.

Salt induces EXTENSIN ARABINOSE DEFICIENT TRANSFERASE-dependent arabinosylation of hydroxyproline residues in extensin to modify cell wall structure and the gravitropism response of roots.

The NRC0 gene cluster of sensor and helper immune receptors is functionally conserved across divergent asterid species and predates the massively expanded NLR immune receptor network.

Jasmonate-mediated defense responses in rice can be divided into the core regulatory sector, the local tissue-specific sector, and the negative feedback sector.

A multiomic analysis describes the response to mild water and nitrogen limitations, individually or combined, in 5 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions from different origins.

Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing required for cell death networks have differing degrees of complexity across asterids.

Five Arabidopsis class A protein S-acyl transferases mediate pollen tube guidance by S-acylating two pollen receptors.

MADS transcription factor dimers bind DNA in vitro and in vivo but are not sufficient for petal, stamen, and carpel development, which requires tetramerization driven by the SEPALLATA subfamily.

The calcium-dependent CPK16–RBOHD module modulates the ROS production during plant responses to hypoxia and reoxygenation.

Genes that host antisense transcripts are often stress-responsive and important for plant stress acclimation, even though their mRNA steady-state level is only marginally altered by stress.

The viroporin of a plant cytorhabdovirus exhibits K⁺ channel activity and is essential for cross-kingdom virus transmission from insect vectors to host plants.

The brassinosteroid receptor StBRI1 promotes potato tuber development by enhancing the activity of the plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase PHA2 by phosphorylating Thr-951.

The conjugation of SUMO proteins to the transcription factor ARR1 by HIGH PLOIDY2 activates ARR1, triggering two-component signaling in Arabidopsis.

PLASMODESMATA-LOCATED PROTEIN 6 functions with SUCROSE SYNTHASE 6 and CALLOSE SYNTHASE 7 in the vasculature to regulate plasmodesmal function.

Reactive oxygen species regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in pear via PP2A-HB40 module under high-light stress.

Environmental and experimental methods reveal the importance of plastid-targeted Enolase and bis-phosphoglycerate mutase enzymes to diatoms, marine algae that contribute to global primary production.

Of the three AMK-like UMP kinases in Arabidopsis, only one is essential for UMP phosphorylation, while the other two have functions in (deoxy)cytidine monophosphate recycling.

The MdHSC70/MdWRKY75-MdHsfs molecular module mediates the response to heat stress in apple.

A brassinosteroid-responsive transcription factor induces the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes thorough the functional interaction with the Production of Anthocyanin Pigment 1.

Multi-transcriptomics reveals a large spectrum of mRNAs targeted by the endoribonuclease DNE1 and provides a conceptual framework to understand its importance for mRNA fate.

Pyridoxal phosphate homeostasis proteins contribute to vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine) homeostasis, likely acting as a rheostat in adaptive responses involving the coenzyme pyridoxal 5′-phosphate.

Investigating the contrasting accumulation of phenolic metabolites between 2 maize inbred lines resulted in the identification of cis and trans components underlying variations in gene expression.

Potato resistance gene RB balances plant growth and immunity through intron splicing, while pathogen effector IPI-O1 interacts with the spliceosome to mediate the splicing of RB and initiate immunity.

Ethylene promotes CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE C protein-mediated xyloglucan synthesis in epidermal cell walls in an ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3-LIKE1-dependent manner for root growth inhibition in rice.

The green plant-specific cargo sorting receptor MtTP930 mediates the transport of nucleus-encoded chloroplast proteins through the coat protein complex II vesicular transport pathway.

An essential protein domain of a transcriptional repressor promotes its phase separation, chromatin targeting, and gene repression during rice development.

Nitrogen had a pivotal role in tetraploid wheat domestication and adaptive responses, leading to diverse impacts on gene expression and selection signatures during primary and secondary domestication.

The genetic module underlying germline fate determination has been rewired during the land plant evolution.

A key component of the meiotic chromosome axis modulates the synapsis and strength of crossover interference, thereby exerting distinct dosage-dependent effects on chromosome recombination.

Two phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins interact with two dormancy-related transcription factors to modulate abscisic acid and gibberellin pathway genes, regulating rice seed dormancy.

The strigolactone pathway repressors SMXL7 and SMXL8 negatively regulate cotton fiber elongation through phytohormone crosstalk.