Assessing nuclear energy and radiological risks: a case study of radionuclide dispersion from potential nuclear power plant accidents in Ghana

Abstract

This study explored the significance of nuclear power and assessed radiological risks arising from potential containment leakage or failure, focusing on radionuclide dispersion and emergency preparedness. The findings revealed seasonal differences in radionuclide releases, with activities of 1.35 × 10¹⁵ Bq during the wet season and 4.70 × 10¹⁸ Bq in the dry season. Peak ground concentrations of ¹³⁷Cs in the wet season reached alarming levels of 6.22 × 10³ kBq/m² within 2.14 km of the release point due to deposition processes like rainout and washout. In contrast, the dry season showed ¹³⁷Cs ground concentrations of 4.88 × 10⁴ kBq/m², consisting primarily of noble gases. These results emphasize the importance of effective emergency preparedness strategies, including robust monitoring systems, evacuation plans, and public education. By focusing on protective measures informed by total effective dose equivalent assessments, this study highlights the need for proactive approaches to mitigate radiological hazards and enhance community resilience near nuclear facilities.