| Sample characteristics . | Full sample N = 8,299 . | NHB outside South Subsample n = 301 . | NHB from South Subsample n = 864 . | NHW outside South Subsample n = 5,072 . | NHW from South Subsample n = 2,062 . | Subgroup differences+ . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive performance (2010)a | 61.01 (14.71) | 58.04 (14.10) | 49.96 (16.65) | 62.99 (13.57) | 61.18 (14.55) | η 2 = 0.07*** |
| cSES (standardized) | 0 (1) | −0.16 (1.00) | −0.53 (0.91) | 0.13 (0.97) | −0.07 (1.03) | η 2 = 0.04*** |
| Southern childhood residence | 35.26% | — | — | — | — | |
| Black (ref: NHW) | 14.04% | — | — | — | — | |
| Female (ref: male) | 58.55% | 62.13% | 66.09% | 56.72% | 59.36% | V = 0.06*** |
| Ageb | 75.65 (7.16) | 74.15 (6.55) | 74.65 (6.59) | 76.19 (7.33) | 75.07 (6.91) | η 2 = 0.01*** |
| College (ref: <college education) | 21.91% | 19.60% | 9.49% | 24.19% | 21.82% | V = 0.11*** |
| Current Southern residence | 41.56% | 16.94% | 73.50% | 18.45% | 88.60% | V = 0.64*** |
| Stroke in 2010 (ref: absence of stroke) | 11.28% | 10.30% | 14.35% | 10.37% | 12.37% | V = 0.04** |
| Sample characteristics . | Full sample N = 8,299 . | NHB outside South Subsample n = 301 . | NHB from South Subsample n = 864 . | NHW outside South Subsample n = 5,072 . | NHW from South Subsample n = 2,062 . | Subgroup differences+ . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive performance (2010)a | 61.01 (14.71) | 58.04 (14.10) | 49.96 (16.65) | 62.99 (13.57) | 61.18 (14.55) | η 2 = 0.07*** |
| cSES (standardized) | 0 (1) | −0.16 (1.00) | −0.53 (0.91) | 0.13 (0.97) | −0.07 (1.03) | η 2 = 0.04*** |
| Southern childhood residence | 35.26% | — | — | — | — | |
| Black (ref: NHW) | 14.04% | — | — | — | — | |
| Female (ref: male) | 58.55% | 62.13% | 66.09% | 56.72% | 59.36% | V = 0.06*** |
| Ageb | 75.65 (7.16) | 74.15 (6.55) | 74.65 (6.59) | 76.19 (7.33) | 75.07 (6.91) | η 2 = 0.01*** |
| College (ref: <college education) | 21.91% | 19.60% | 9.49% | 24.19% | 21.82% | V = 0.11*** |
| Current Southern residence | 41.56% | 16.94% | 73.50% | 18.45% | 88.60% | V = 0.64*** |
| Stroke in 2010 (ref: absence of stroke) | 11.28% | 10.30% | 14.35% | 10.37% | 12.37% | V = 0.04** |
Notes: ANOVA = analysis of variance; cSES = childhood socioeconomic status; NHB = non-Hispanic Black; NHW = non-Hispanic White.
+Continuous variables were tested with ANOVA and categorical or binary variables were tested with chi-square.
aPercentage of the maximum score.
bAge at baseline in 2010.
**p < .01. ***p < .001.
| Sample characteristics . | Full sample N = 8,299 . | NHB outside South Subsample n = 301 . | NHB from South Subsample n = 864 . | NHW outside South Subsample n = 5,072 . | NHW from South Subsample n = 2,062 . | Subgroup differences+ . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive performance (2010)a | 61.01 (14.71) | 58.04 (14.10) | 49.96 (16.65) | 62.99 (13.57) | 61.18 (14.55) | η 2 = 0.07*** |
| cSES (standardized) | 0 (1) | −0.16 (1.00) | −0.53 (0.91) | 0.13 (0.97) | −0.07 (1.03) | η 2 = 0.04*** |
| Southern childhood residence | 35.26% | — | — | — | — | |
| Black (ref: NHW) | 14.04% | — | — | — | — | |
| Female (ref: male) | 58.55% | 62.13% | 66.09% | 56.72% | 59.36% | V = 0.06*** |
| Ageb | 75.65 (7.16) | 74.15 (6.55) | 74.65 (6.59) | 76.19 (7.33) | 75.07 (6.91) | η 2 = 0.01*** |
| College (ref: <college education) | 21.91% | 19.60% | 9.49% | 24.19% | 21.82% | V = 0.11*** |
| Current Southern residence | 41.56% | 16.94% | 73.50% | 18.45% | 88.60% | V = 0.64*** |
| Stroke in 2010 (ref: absence of stroke) | 11.28% | 10.30% | 14.35% | 10.37% | 12.37% | V = 0.04** |
| Sample characteristics . | Full sample N = 8,299 . | NHB outside South Subsample n = 301 . | NHB from South Subsample n = 864 . | NHW outside South Subsample n = 5,072 . | NHW from South Subsample n = 2,062 . | Subgroup differences+ . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive performance (2010)a | 61.01 (14.71) | 58.04 (14.10) | 49.96 (16.65) | 62.99 (13.57) | 61.18 (14.55) | η 2 = 0.07*** |
| cSES (standardized) | 0 (1) | −0.16 (1.00) | −0.53 (0.91) | 0.13 (0.97) | −0.07 (1.03) | η 2 = 0.04*** |
| Southern childhood residence | 35.26% | — | — | — | — | |
| Black (ref: NHW) | 14.04% | — | — | — | — | |
| Female (ref: male) | 58.55% | 62.13% | 66.09% | 56.72% | 59.36% | V = 0.06*** |
| Ageb | 75.65 (7.16) | 74.15 (6.55) | 74.65 (6.59) | 76.19 (7.33) | 75.07 (6.91) | η 2 = 0.01*** |
| College (ref: <college education) | 21.91% | 19.60% | 9.49% | 24.19% | 21.82% | V = 0.11*** |
| Current Southern residence | 41.56% | 16.94% | 73.50% | 18.45% | 88.60% | V = 0.64*** |
| Stroke in 2010 (ref: absence of stroke) | 11.28% | 10.30% | 14.35% | 10.37% | 12.37% | V = 0.04** |
Notes: ANOVA = analysis of variance; cSES = childhood socioeconomic status; NHB = non-Hispanic Black; NHW = non-Hispanic White.
+Continuous variables were tested with ANOVA and categorical or binary variables were tested with chi-square.
aPercentage of the maximum score.
bAge at baseline in 2010.
**p < .01. ***p < .001.
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