| Variables . | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) . | P . | Adjusted HR (95% CI)a . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 formulation vaccinated stateb | ||||
| Before JN.1 lineage became dominant | .70 (.60–.82) | <.001 | .58 (.49–.68) | <.001 |
| After JN.1 lineage became dominant | 1.000 (.81–1.23) | .99 | .81 (.65–1.01) | .06 |
| Propensity to get tested for COVID-19 | 1.02 (1.02–1.03) | <.001 | 1.02 (1.02–1.03) | <.001 |
| Age | 1.001 (.998–1.004) | .38 | 1.000 (.997–1.003) | .91 |
| Male sexc | .74 (.67–.81) | <.001 | .75 (.68–.83) | <.001 |
| Prepandemic hired | 1.03 (.95–1.12) | .47 | .87 (.79–.95) | .002 |
| Last prior infection phase (ref: No known prior infection) | ||||
| Pre-Omicron | 1.25 (1.10–1.42) | <.001 | 1.23 (1.08–1.40) | <.001 |
| Omicron pre-XBB | 1.31 (1.20–1.43) | <.001 | 1.21 (1.10–1.32) | <.001 |
| Omicron XBB or later | .50 (.39–.65) | <.001 | .44 (.34–.57) | <.001 |
| Number of prior vaccine doses (ref: 0) | ||||
| 1 | 1.96 (1.51–2.55) | <.001 | 1.99 (1.53–2.58) | <.001 |
| 2 | 2.00 (1.68–2.38) | <.001 | 1.95 (1.63–2.33) | <.001 |
| 3 | 2.49 (2.10–2.96) | <.001 | 2.60 (2.18–3.10) | <.001 |
| >3 | 2.43 (2.04–2.89) | <.001 | 3.00 (2.50–3.60) | <.001 |
| Variables . | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) . | P . | Adjusted HR (95% CI)a . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 formulation vaccinated stateb | ||||
| Before JN.1 lineage became dominant | .70 (.60–.82) | <.001 | .58 (.49–.68) | <.001 |
| After JN.1 lineage became dominant | 1.000 (.81–1.23) | .99 | .81 (.65–1.01) | .06 |
| Propensity to get tested for COVID-19 | 1.02 (1.02–1.03) | <.001 | 1.02 (1.02–1.03) | <.001 |
| Age | 1.001 (.998–1.004) | .38 | 1.000 (.997–1.003) | .91 |
| Male sexc | .74 (.67–.81) | <.001 | .75 (.68–.83) | <.001 |
| Prepandemic hired | 1.03 (.95–1.12) | .47 | .87 (.79–.95) | .002 |
| Last prior infection phase (ref: No known prior infection) | ||||
| Pre-Omicron | 1.25 (1.10–1.42) | <.001 | 1.23 (1.08–1.40) | <.001 |
| Omicron pre-XBB | 1.31 (1.20–1.43) | <.001 | 1.21 (1.10–1.32) | <.001 |
| Omicron XBB or later | .50 (.39–.65) | <.001 | .44 (.34–.57) | <.001 |
| Number of prior vaccine doses (ref: 0) | ||||
| 1 | 1.96 (1.51–2.55) | <.001 | 1.99 (1.53–2.58) | <.001 |
| 2 | 2.00 (1.68–2.38) | <.001 | 1.95 (1.63–2.33) | <.001 |
| 3 | 2.49 (2.10–2.96) | <.001 | 2.60 (2.18–3.10) | <.001 |
| >3 | 2.43 (2.04–2.89) | <.001 | 3.00 (2.50–3.60) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; HR, hazard ratio.
aFrom a multivariable Cox-proportional hazards regression model with the 2023–2024 formulation vaccinated state treated as a time-dependent covariate, and time-dependent coefficients used to separate effects before and after the JN.1 lineage became dominant.
bTime-dependent covariate.
cReference is female sex.
dReference is pandemic hire.
| Variables . | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) . | P . | Adjusted HR (95% CI)a . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 formulation vaccinated stateb | ||||
| Before JN.1 lineage became dominant | .70 (.60–.82) | <.001 | .58 (.49–.68) | <.001 |
| After JN.1 lineage became dominant | 1.000 (.81–1.23) | .99 | .81 (.65–1.01) | .06 |
| Propensity to get tested for COVID-19 | 1.02 (1.02–1.03) | <.001 | 1.02 (1.02–1.03) | <.001 |
| Age | 1.001 (.998–1.004) | .38 | 1.000 (.997–1.003) | .91 |
| Male sexc | .74 (.67–.81) | <.001 | .75 (.68–.83) | <.001 |
| Prepandemic hired | 1.03 (.95–1.12) | .47 | .87 (.79–.95) | .002 |
| Last prior infection phase (ref: No known prior infection) | ||||
| Pre-Omicron | 1.25 (1.10–1.42) | <.001 | 1.23 (1.08–1.40) | <.001 |
| Omicron pre-XBB | 1.31 (1.20–1.43) | <.001 | 1.21 (1.10–1.32) | <.001 |
| Omicron XBB or later | .50 (.39–.65) | <.001 | .44 (.34–.57) | <.001 |
| Number of prior vaccine doses (ref: 0) | ||||
| 1 | 1.96 (1.51–2.55) | <.001 | 1.99 (1.53–2.58) | <.001 |
| 2 | 2.00 (1.68–2.38) | <.001 | 1.95 (1.63–2.33) | <.001 |
| 3 | 2.49 (2.10–2.96) | <.001 | 2.60 (2.18–3.10) | <.001 |
| >3 | 2.43 (2.04–2.89) | <.001 | 3.00 (2.50–3.60) | <.001 |
| Variables . | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) . | P . | Adjusted HR (95% CI)a . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 formulation vaccinated stateb | ||||
| Before JN.1 lineage became dominant | .70 (.60–.82) | <.001 | .58 (.49–.68) | <.001 |
| After JN.1 lineage became dominant | 1.000 (.81–1.23) | .99 | .81 (.65–1.01) | .06 |
| Propensity to get tested for COVID-19 | 1.02 (1.02–1.03) | <.001 | 1.02 (1.02–1.03) | <.001 |
| Age | 1.001 (.998–1.004) | .38 | 1.000 (.997–1.003) | .91 |
| Male sexc | .74 (.67–.81) | <.001 | .75 (.68–.83) | <.001 |
| Prepandemic hired | 1.03 (.95–1.12) | .47 | .87 (.79–.95) | .002 |
| Last prior infection phase (ref: No known prior infection) | ||||
| Pre-Omicron | 1.25 (1.10–1.42) | <.001 | 1.23 (1.08–1.40) | <.001 |
| Omicron pre-XBB | 1.31 (1.20–1.43) | <.001 | 1.21 (1.10–1.32) | <.001 |
| Omicron XBB or later | .50 (.39–.65) | <.001 | .44 (.34–.57) | <.001 |
| Number of prior vaccine doses (ref: 0) | ||||
| 1 | 1.96 (1.51–2.55) | <.001 | 1.99 (1.53–2.58) | <.001 |
| 2 | 2.00 (1.68–2.38) | <.001 | 1.95 (1.63–2.33) | <.001 |
| 3 | 2.49 (2.10–2.96) | <.001 | 2.60 (2.18–3.10) | <.001 |
| >3 | 2.43 (2.04–2.89) | <.001 | 3.00 (2.50–3.60) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; HR, hazard ratio.
aFrom a multivariable Cox-proportional hazards regression model with the 2023–2024 formulation vaccinated state treated as a time-dependent covariate, and time-dependent coefficients used to separate effects before and after the JN.1 lineage became dominant.
bTime-dependent covariate.
cReference is female sex.
dReference is pandemic hire.
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