Mean (±SEM) myofibrillar muscle protein synthesis rates in response to the ingestion of varying doses of whey protein in exercise and rested muscles. The precursor was defined as the plasma phenylalanine-enrichment AUC over the 4-h incorporation period. Data were analyzed by using a 2-factor (within-subject factor was rested or exercised muscle; between-subject factor was the dose of whey protein) ANOVA with repeated measures. There were main effects for the whey protein dose (P < 0.05) and muscle (P < 0.05); however, no dose × muscle interaction was detected (P = 0.44). Differences in means for both rested and exercised muscles combined were analyzed by using Bonferroni’s post hoc test. *,^#Means with different symbols were significantly different from each other (P < 0.05; n = 12). FSR, fractional synthesis rate.