Fig. 2.
Mebendazole (MBZ) improved the survival in the 060919 human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) xenograft mouse model. (A) The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) levels of albendazole (ABZ), MBZ, and temozolomide (TMZ) in the 060919 human GBM neurosphere line are shown. (B) Hematoxylin and eosin staining of a coronal section of a nude mouse brain implanted with 060919 cells in the frontal lobe (10x). White arrows point to the invasive tumor cells. (C) Kaplan-Meier survival curve of 060919 xenografts treated with oral MBZ (50 mg/kg), ABZ (150 mg/kg), or TMZ (15 mg/kg) started 5 days after tumor implantation. Mice were treated daily for 20 days, followed by the same daily dose for 5 days per week. MBZ treatment increased the mean survival to 65 days compared with the 48 days of control. M, mean survival in days; n, number of animals. Significance values were as follows: MBZ versus control, P = .0016; ABZ versus control, P = .45; TMZ versus control, P = .30. (D) Mice implanted with 060919 cells expressing firefly luciferase were injected with 100 mg/kg luciferin and measured by Xenogen before and after 20 days of MBZ treatment. Three animals in each group were randomly selected and shown in the picture on the left side. Different color bars were applied on day 0 and day 20 of treatment. (E) The total photon counts of animals displayed in D were shown in the graph.