
Contents
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“Half-Irishman” in Arkansas “Half-Irishman” in Arkansas
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“Growing Up with the Country” “Growing Up with the Country”
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“Blood” Sovereignty “Blood” Sovereignty
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Race and Land Loss Race and Land Loss
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One “Intruder of Color”: Freedom, Sovereignty, and Kinship in Indian Territory
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Published:January 2018
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Abstract
Chapter 1 documents the life path of Thomas Jefferson Brown, the son of an African-American father and Irish mother, who migrated from Arkansas to Indian Territory in the 1870s and married two African-descended women of the Creek and Seminole nations. This chapter uses Brown’s story to illustrate how some early African-American settlers initially bolstered their claims to freedom in the postemancipation era by attaching themselves to American expansion, Native Americans, and the acquisition of Indian land. This complex moment of African-American participation in the expropriation of Indian Territory was tellingly short-lived. African-American access to Indian land ended abruptly with the advent of Oklahoma statehood, Jim Crow segregation, and oil speculation. As Indian sovereignty was dissolved and notions of racial purity and “blood” acquired growing significance, “race” ultimately eclipsed “nation” as a guarantor of rights and resources. Brown’s story illuminates the construction of a new racial order in Indian Territory, and, ultimately, the limits of North American escape.
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